Colorado's wildlife spans a range of ecosystems, showcasing both native species and those reintroduced or introduced over time. The state's fauna reflects its varied landscapes, from the high mountains to the eastern plains and desert regions.

In recent years, the reintroduction of gray wolves has sparked debates and conservation efforts. After being extirpated from Colorado in the 1930s, wolves made a historic return in 2019 to Moffat County. This reintroduction has raised concerns among cattle farmers about potential impacts on livestock, prompting the state to adopt a management plan allowing non-lethal methods to mitigate conflicts.

Mountain goats, although not native to Colorado, were introduced over several decades and officially recognized as a native species in 1993. However, recent mysterious illnesses in 2013, 2014, and 2019 significantly impacted their populations, prompting investigations by Colorado Parks and Wildlife.

Pronghorns, native to Colorado, have faced fluctuating populations over the past century. Conservation efforts since the 1960s have successfully increased their numbers from a low of 15,000 to approximately 85,000 by 2019. As their habitats increasingly intersect with suburban development along the eastern Front Range, wildlife officials emphasize the need for adaptable fencing to facilitate their movement.

Colorado's mountainous regions host a thriving wildlife population, including mule deer, red foxes, moose (introduced), and various small mammals like American pikas and golden-mantled ground squirrels. In the foothills, species such as deer, coyotes, and desert cottontails are common, while the prairies are home to black-tailed prairie dogs, swift foxes (endangered), badgers, and white-tailed jackrabbits.

The rich diversity of Colorado's wildlife underscores the importance of conservation efforts and adaptive management strategies to sustain these populations amidst ongoing environmental changes and human development.

Understanding and protecting Colorado's fauna is essential not only for preserving biodiversity but also for maintaining ecological balance across its diverse landscapes, ensuring a sustainable future for both wildlife and communities.